Free information about Politics and society http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/ en-us E-articles.info 2006 - 2010 In 1980s and 1990s Hindi-language newspapers experienced a veritable 'revolution' in terms of circulation, outreach, and political importance, surpassing national English-language newspapers on at least the first two accounts. This 'newspaper revolution' changed earlier perceptions about the Hindi press as being second-rate, excessively legalistic. Hindi newspapers are one of the most powerful tools of distributing local news on different subjects to the Hindi reader mass in India along with bringing general awareness about issues & events that may affect their lives directly or indirectly. Some of the Popular Hindi language newspapers like dainik jagran , navjyoti , hindustan , Rajasthan patrika & punjabkesari have done a commendable job in the field of Hindi language journalism over the past 50 or more years ... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Are-you-looking-for-Hindi-newspapers-website-for-Hindi-news/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Are-you-looking-for-Hindi-newspapers-website-for-Hindi-news/ Sun, 16 May 2010 00:33:17 GMT Whether you like it or not, banning gay marriage goes directly against theConstitution of the United States, and everything it stands for.The Constitution of the United States states: "We hold these truths to be selfevident,that all men are created equal." Are we not reneging on this by proposing that homosexuals cannot marry because oftheir sexual preference? The way I see it, If someone feels that gay marriage isnefarious, they must also feel that the entire premise of our Constitution is faulty!The very REASON the United States was created, the REASON the RevolutionaryWar was fought we so that our colonists would have equal rights and liberties! And bytelling me you oppose gay marriage, you tell me that you want to deny homosexualstheir basic rights and freedoms based on the Bible, something--sorry to sink your boathere--something that not everyone believes in! Creating a law prohibiting same sex marriage based on Christian beliefs isdownright wrong. It would be unfair to all other religions to make a law reflecting onlyChristianity... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Problem-With-Banning-Gay-Marriage/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Problem-With-Banning-Gay-Marriage/ Fri, 30 Apr 2010 01:41:22 GMT ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this article is to inform readers about settlement of energy disputes that arise in Turkey by international arbitration method and in particular ICSID arbitration process. I. INTRUDICTION Several rapid, transparent and new legal resolution mechanisms are generated as an alternative to governmental adjudication since legal relations in social and commercial life necessitates resolutions which are becoming increasingly complicated and for which technical expertise is needed. One of the most frequently used components of this mechanism called "Alternative Dispute Resolutions" is arbitration... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/ENERGY-DISPUTES-AND-INTERNATIONAL-ARBITRATION/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/ENERGY-DISPUTES-AND-INTERNATIONAL-ARBITRATION/ Sat, 24 Apr 2010 02:49:27 GMT The 'romance languages', which are also referred to as the Neo-Latin, Latin or Romanic languages, are defined as comprising every language which descends from Latin, ancient Rome's language. Over eight hundred million people worldwide speak one of these languages natively, primarily based in Europe and the Americas. It is impossible to be dogmatic as to what constitutes a romance language, because most languages take influences from a variety of different families of languages and opinion, therefore, differs as to how to distinguish between different languages, varieties and dialects. As a result, it cannot be said definitively how many romance languages are presently in existence; however, an arbitrary, restrictive account can state that the total is approximately 25... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-does-Language-Affect-Relationships-and-Culture/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-does-Language-Affect-Relationships-and-Culture/ Thu, 22 Apr 2010 03:57:32 GMT Imperialism refers the colonial expansion practiced by European allies during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The European imperialism in Africa had a gloomy touch in its nature which is vividly expressed by Conrad in "Heart of Darkness". Initially the Europeans entered into Africa "for weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways". What Marlow, the narrator of the story, saw in reality was totally different and shocking... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Imperialism:-The-main-theme-of-'Heart-of-Darkness'-by-Joseph-Conrad/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Imperialism:-The-main-theme-of-'Heart-of-Darkness'-by-Joseph-Conrad/ Fri, 09 Apr 2010 04:23:37 GMT Basically, the term transgender includes both transvestites and transsexuals. Though these two groups have often been confused, they are quite distinct, although they’ve joined forces for political purposes, as a legitimate part of the gay liberation movement. Transvestites are men who dress up as women, while transsexuals are people who have decided to physically alter their bodies in order to conform to their mental and emotional identity. Perhaps half, maybe more, of all transvestites are heterosexuals with no sexual interest in other men... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Transgenders:-travestites-and-transsexuals/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Transgenders:-travestites-and-transsexuals/ Sun, 28 Mar 2010 05:31:42 GMT For many gay men, one of the greatest downsides of coming out is that it sometimes means having to give up their natal family. It’s sad but true that, for many families, there is no tolerance for gay children. For every mother who embraces her gay son after he’s come out, there’s another who curses him and tells him never to call or come back home. Even worse, it’s not always that simple or that black-and-white: Many families, whether for religious or other reasons, don’t outright disown and ban their gay sons... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Gay-Families/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Gay-Families/ Sun, 28 Mar 2010 06:39:47 GMT Nowadays, a lot of political issues are coming up which deafens us to know the truth. Almost every concept that runs from the government are all convincing which could really make us believe their doing stuff in an honest and transparent way. From the tenure of every elected government official, issues keep on coming so vague. Dressed in a well-ironed and classy attire, which almost every citizen have looked up to, always convince the citizen's mind that they are working for the welfare of all, unknowingly, the darkest secrets that lie in every head... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Political-Transparency/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Political-Transparency/ Sat, 20 Feb 2010 07:47:52 GMT Just as the State, Market and Culture have become not only fuzzy but also transgressive categories, so too has Science. This de-differentiation of the characteristic sub-systems of modernity poses particular challenges to the university which is pre-eminently – and pervasively – a scientific, or ‘knowledge’, institution. It not only produces new knowledge and refines existing knowledge through research and scholarship; it disseminates knowledge through its teaching programmes, transmuting knowledge into skills and technologies; most important of all, the university codifies knowledge in both research and teaching modes – in the former through its sponsorship of disciplinary communities (what Tony Becher has called ‘academic tribes’) and its legitimation of new specialisms; and in the latter case, by accrediting courses of study and awarding academic qualifications. So changing perceptions of knowledge and new patterns of knowledge production will vitally affect the university... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Changing-patterns-of-knowledge-production/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Changing-patterns-of-knowledge-production/ Sat, 30 Jan 2010 08:55:57 GMT What do people have to know and what do they have to be able to do in order not to be overrun by the changes in economy and society but instead understand and structure them? When labour is restricted or replaced by knowledge and capital, its value has to be increased by knowledge. People have to be given the chance to develop all their abilities, by themselves or with others and by an improved participation in a knowledge-and-education society enhanced and renewed in its content, in order to stand on their own feet.THESIS 1 The aim of education is an economy of ideas and renewal and no longer an economy of things.In a mass industrial society, which is shaped by employees, people are educated to be copyists of blueprints who are as perfect as possible... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Theses-for-an-Extensive-Reform-of-Education/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Theses-for-an-Extensive-Reform-of-Education/ Wed, 27 Jan 2010 09:23:15 GMT What is really at stake is the need to acknowledge the dimensions of power and antagonism and their ineradicable character. By postulating the availability of a public sphere where power and antagonism would have been eliminated and where a rational consensus would have been realized, the dominant model of democratic politics denies this dimension and its crucial role in the formation of collective identities.The democratic society cannot be conceived any more as a society that would have realized the dream of a perfect harmony or transparency. Its democratic character can only be given by the fact that no limited social actor can attribute to oneself the representation of the totality and claim in that way to have the ‘mastery’ of the foundation... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Power-and-antagonism-in-the-democratic-society/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Power-and-antagonism-in-the-democratic-society/ Sat, 30 Jan 2010 10:31:20 GMT The problem with socialism is that eventually you run out of other people's money. After World War 2, Norway was devastated after Nazi Germany's five year occupation. Norway received aid from the Marshall plan and recovered. After the discovery of oil in the North Sea after the war, Norway's economy grew rapidly... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Utopia/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Utopia/ Fri, 29 Jan 2010 11:39:25 GMT Radical Islam hides behind the curtain of religion, calling forth passages of the Quran to do two things: justify its actions of destruction and call to the hearts of Muslims to join in the "fight" to defeat the persecution of Islam worldwide. One cannot argue whether the dogma of a specific religion is artificial or reality. Religion holds specific meaning to each individual and is a part of one's culture and ethnic identity. But, one can argue that when organizations utilize dogma of a religion, or several religions, to justify and further their political or ideological agenda to further the betterment of the organization, then the dogma is false because the dogma would not follow the original religious intent, but the intent of definition based upon the goals of the organization... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Defeating-Radical-Islamic-Ideology/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Defeating-Radical-Islamic-Ideology/ Fri, 22 Jan 2010 12:47:30 GMT The use of any language is dependent on many factors. And its popularity depends upon its use. But sometimes language tends to lose their popularity and ultimately die. Urdu is a popular language in Pakistan and it has a status of national language and this status is helping urdu to survive... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Is-Urdu-going-to-survive-in-modern-technological-computer-and-internet-time/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Is-Urdu-going-to-survive-in-modern-technological-computer-and-internet-time/ Sat, 09 Jan 2010 13:55:35 GMT As baby boomers age and the need for health care grows the current physician shortage in the US is expected to intensify. Several factors are impacting this problem, the shrinking economy, the aging population and finally the impending health care “reform”. Physician Shortage There are about 650,000 practicing physicians of all specialties and more than half of them are primary care physicians. As many as one-third of today's practicing physicians may retire by the year 2020... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Internal-Medicine-Jobs-Outlook-2010/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Internal-Medicine-Jobs-Outlook-2010/ Wed, 30 Dec 2009 14:23:40 GMT I used to be quite Left in my thinking. My views changed midway through the Clinton Presidency when I could no longer overlook the hypocrisy of my position. People wedded to liberalism avoid the truth like subway-dwellers avoid the glare of bright sunlight, but at some point the light is bright enough to shine through the thickest sunglasses! I am often surprised at how much hypocrisy the Left can 'overlook;' in the Clinton era a liberal needed only a bit of hubris to ignore the media double-standards, but now huge distortions of logic on the level of delusional thought are required in order to maintain the liberal argument! As I try to understand how an entire country can fall victim to 'folie a deux', I find order by dividing the delusional Left into two groups-- the 'low insight Left' and 'high insight Left.' I will use a practical example to explain the difference... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Hidden-Agenda-of-the-Left:-Degrees-of-Insight/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Hidden-Agenda-of-the-Left:-Degrees-of-Insight/ Wed, 30 Dec 2009 15:31:45 GMT More than a Million innocent children are orphaned or abandoned to live on roads in Zimbabwe due to the devastating effects of HIV/ AIDS crisis. These kids have lost their both parents and all elders in family to the AIDS pandemic and experts fear that 1 out 5 children will become orphan by the end 2010 in Zimbabwe. 90 % of these children are raised through extended families and not in orphanage. Efforts to provide basic food, education and health facilities to these children are getting hampered because of the current political, economic and humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Devastating-Effects-of-HIV/-AIDS-on-Children-of-Zimbabwe-and-Bringing-Hope-to-Them/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Devastating-Effects-of-HIV/-AIDS-on-Children-of-Zimbabwe-and-Bringing-Hope-to-Them/ Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:39:50 GMT During the long years of the Crusades, the armies of Europe found themselves badly outnumbered. Not only were there more Saracens than Crusaders in the Holy Land, but the armies of Islam were much better equipped. They rode sleek, swift horses bred for the hot desert climate, wore a chain mail light enough to provide them mobility yet strong enough to stop European blades, and used weapons made of a steel so well-forged that it bent under pressure without breaking, yet held an edge so sharp it could cleave a man in half with only the force behind one arm. What was the secret steel of the Near East, it's forging guarded so well by the sword smiths of Syria? That steel was called Damascus steel, a term used by the Crusaders to describe the metal used by the artisans and sword smiths of Damascus, Syria... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Damascus-Steel/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Damascus-Steel/ Wed, 16 Dec 2009 17:47:55 GMT Constitutional monarchy is about a desire for a figure above politics representing the interests of all subjects by upholding a nation's laws, who can act without fear or intimidation and be the focus of loyalty without having to win the transient favour of voters or politicians. When people line the streets to see monarchs pass by it is an occasion to reflect on the wisdom of giving political power to a charismatic president able to command adulation on the same scale for their own purposes. Around the world and throughout history the consequences have been disasterous. It is as Winston Churchill wrote on 8 April 1945: "This war would never have come unless, under American and modernising pressure, we had driven the Habsburgs out of Austria and the Hohenzollerns out of Germany... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/A-monarchist-manifesto/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/A-monarchist-manifesto/ Sat, 28 Nov 2009 18:55:15 GMT General · Ensure all the paperwork of the client including applications for immigration and visas are accurate and done in a timely manner Resident Permit · Receive initiations from the company, etc from the Immigration Manager or directly through references made · Prepare an introductory mail to the client · Send a list of the documents that are required to the HR department of the client’s company – copy of the passport, photographs, terms and conditions of the letter of the applicant, application form · Ensure that the documents are prepared or put in the specified format · Purchase the stamp paper and ensure that the legal paper is printed and sent to the client’s company · Ensure that the authorized signatory has proof of his/her Indian Citizenship · Ensure that the documents (financial affidavit guarantee) is taken to the court for notarization · Ensure that the applicant is present when all the documents (financial affidavit guarantee, copy of passport, photographs, etc.) are submitted at the office of the Commissioner of Police · Ensure that all the documents are verified and signed · Ensure that the applicant and the documents are taken to the Assistant Commissioner of Police and the documents are signed by the Assistant Commissioner of Police · Ensure that the documents are submitted at the specified counter and an acknowledgement slip is obtained · After 48 hours, ensure that the documents are collected from the specified counter (for this purpose, the physical presence of the client is not required) Renewal of Resident Permit · Ensure that in cases where the renewal of the passport is required, the renewal of the Resident Permit is also done · When taking a request letter from the client’s company or from the client for the renewal of the resident permit, ensure that all the documents are in order before getting their signature · Ensure that the documents are submitted at the office of the Commissioner of Police · Ensure that the documents are collected after 24 hours of submission and then returned to the client Renewal of Visa · Ensure that the Resident Permit or Renewal Resident Permit documents are collected from the client · Ensure that all documents are collected from the client –terms and conditions of assignment and validity period of the assignment, tax documents like previous year’s record and details of tax deducted at source, proof of address, passport-size photographs · Ensure that the letter is prepared in the specified format · Ensure that the documents are taken to the office of the Commissioner of Police and a police verification request letter is obtained · Coordinate with the client and fix an appointment for the client’s visit to the police station to ensure that the verification is completed · Ensure that the visa fee challan is obtained from the office of the Commissioner of Police as proof of completion of police verification · Ensure that the visa fee is paid and all the documents are in order · Ensure that these documents are shown to the specified case worker · Ensure that these documents are then taken to the office of the Assistant Commissioner of Police for his signature · Ensure that the documents are submitted at the specified counter and the acknowledgment slip is collected · In the case of children, ensure that the bonafide certificate is obtained from the school and then fix an appointment for the applicant to visit the office of the Commissioner of Police Visa Extension (MHA) · Prepare a letter of undertaking and send it to the Delhi office (Riar), along with the necessary documents · Ensure that the Delhi office (Riar) sends a notification to the Client office after it processes the MHA documents · Ensure that an appointment is fixed with the applicant for him/her to visit the office of the Commissioner of Police and the office of the Deputy Commissioner of Police for verification of documents · Ensure that the documents (including the Resident Permit and the passport) are submitted to the specified case worker · Ensure that the documents are collected within 48 hours of submission and then returned to the applicant Person of Indian Origin (PIO) · Ensure that the Person of Indian Origin application form is filled in · Ensure that the documents are collected from the applicant –Resident Permit, passport copy, six passport-size photographs, proof of address and proof of Indian citizenship · Ensure that these documents are sent to the Delhi office (Riar) for them to be processed · Ensure that these documents are returned by the Delhi office (Riar) after they are processed · Prepare the request letter and make copies of the Person of Indian Origin Certificate, Resident Permit and passport · Fix an appointment with the applicant and ensure that he/she goes to the office of the Commissioner of Police for verification · Ensure that the Assistant Commissioner of Police has put his signature on the documents · Ensure that all the documents are submitted to the specified case worker · Ensure that the renewed Resident Permit is collected within 48 hours of submission OCI · Ensure that the application with the list of documents required is sent to the client · Ensure that all the required documents are received from the client · Ensure that the application is registered online · Ensure that the applicant puts his/her signature on the application form · Ensure that all the documents are self-attested · Ensure that the Indian passport has the cancelled seal · In cases where the cancelled seal is not there, ensure that the documents are sent to Delhi (MEA) for cancellation and ensure that the certificate for cancellation is obtained · Ensure that all the required documents are sent to the Delhi office (Riar) for them to be processed · Ensure that the OCI sticker (U Visa) and OCI card are received from the Delhi office · Collect the passport from the client and ensure that the U Visa sticker is stuck on it · Ensure that a copy is kept with Riar Services and then return the passport to the client Reports · Ensure that a report to Client is sent twice a month giving details of the initiations received from Client, the number of immigration cases completed, the number of immigration cases not completed and reasons for it · Ensure that a report is prepared and sent to the Immigration Manager giving details of the names of clients, their visa details, details about their companies, the kind of service done for them, the number of immigration cases handled, prepare invoices for those initiations received through Riar, invoices for private cases (received through friends or through references), ongoing immigration cases, details of the visa fee that has been paid in the bank · Education Requirements · Bachelor’s degree required · Experience Requirements · Knowledge of immigration laws · Knowledge of local legal laws · Ability to interact with Government officials..... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Indian-Immigration/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Indian-Immigration/ Sun, 22 Nov 2009 19:23:20 GMT Just another curious mind lurking for more information about "Juan Dela Cruz" ( Juan Dela Cruz is a representation of all Filipinos ). Do not worry, everything will be served to your table (hot and cold). Now, just to start of, your appetizer.... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Juan-is-Wounded-Again!-(Sugatan-na-Naman-si-Juan!)/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Juan-is-Wounded-Again!-(Sugatan-na-Naman-si-Juan!)/ Sat, 24 Oct 2009 20:31:25 GMT Climate change or poverty - what according to you is a more grave issue? Experts believe that one issue cannot be dealt without addressing the other. While climate change has a direct impact on the poor, poverty in turn poses hindrance in combating the effects of climate change. Deforestation and flooding is causing maximum damage to the people in developing nations. It is also affecting the capacity of low income groups to deal with shortage of food and water... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Climate-Change-and-Poverty-Reduction/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Climate-Change-and-Poverty-Reduction/ Fri, 23 Oct 2009 21:39:30 GMT New Year's Eve is a universal day of celebration. However, Sydney is one city in the whole world that plans, prepares for, anticipates and celebrates New Year's Eve like no other. In Sydney, most of the excitement and activity concentrate around the Sydney Harbour. The activities begin early in the afternoon, and towards night, the exhilaration builds up and at around 9:00 p... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/New-Year's-Eve/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/New-Year's-Eve/ Mon, 05 Oct 2009 22:47:35 GMT The concept of bureaucracy was initially formulated in the early 1900-ies by the German sociologist Max Weber. The characteristics of a rational bureaucracy are: 1. A clear division of labor, which leads to the emergence of highly qualified specialists in each position. 2... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-concept-of-bureaucracy/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-concept-of-bureaucracy/ Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:55:40 GMT Extreme poverty, social and economic unrest, and corruption are causes of the international problem of sex slavery and human trafficking. Its profitability because of the increasing demand also perpetuates the crisis. Human Trafficking is an international problem to which millions fall victim each year. The problem is increasing because of globalization and the lack of regulations... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Causes-of-Sex-Slavery-and-Human-Trafficking/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Causes-of-Sex-Slavery-and-Human-Trafficking/ Thu, 27 Aug 2009 01:23:45 GMT In recent years, many Islamic divorce cases were litigated in the United States family courts. The issue of mahr in the Islamic marriage contracts became subject of debate among lawyers and scholars. This article sheds lights on the Islamic mahr in USA. Mahr is the amount of money, or its equivalent, paid by the husband to his future wife... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Mahr-Provision-in-Islamic-Marriage-Contracts/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Mahr-Provision-in-Islamic-Marriage-Contracts/ Sun, 19 Jul 2009 02:31:50 GMT Many Muslim American men travel to foreign countries to obtain quick Islamic divorce. Most often the husband who goes to a foreign country leaves his wife, property and children in the United States. This type of divorce may be valid in the foreign country but it is not necessary valid in the United States. U... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Islamic-Divorce-in-US-Courts/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Islamic-Divorce-in-US-Courts/ Sat, 23 May 2009 03:39:55 GMT There are talks all over the world about the United States' program to save homeowners from foreclosure. Five months ago Congress made $300 Billion dollars available for this purpose. Let me first start by giving you an idea how much $300 Billion Dollars. First let's put things in perspective... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/WHY-THE-US-HOPE-PROGRAM-FAILED/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/WHY-THE-US-HOPE-PROGRAM-FAILED/ Thu, 30 Apr 2009 04:47:15 GMT DIRECT VIOLENCE Acts of violence based on perceptions of sexual orientation or gender expression are not new phenomena. Men were executed for sodomy as early as 1624 (Katz, 1976, 1992). Lesbians and gay men have been, and continue to be, subjected to institutional violence, including felony imprisonment and fines, clitoridectomy and castration, forced psychiatric treatment, dishonorable discharge from the military, and general social ostracism (Herek, 1989, p. 948)... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Violence-against-LGBT-people/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Violence-against-LGBT-people/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 05:55:20 GMT Whereas the bulk of Western societies believe that one’s biological sex (specifically genitals) irrevocably determines one’s social gender, behavior, and identity, transgender individuals disrupt the connection between biological sex and social gender and create alternative forms of gendered presentations and identities. Generally, transgender individuals vary across four dimensions: (1) biological sex—the actual biology of the individual, including male, female, and many interesexed conditions; (2) psychological identity—gender identity, or to what extent one identifies as a man, woman, or something else; (3) social presentation—how typically masculine or feminine one looks and acts; and (4) legal sex—the sex designation that is listed on various legal documents (driver’s license, passport, birth certificate, and so on) (Lombardi, 2001). It is important to note that individuals will have their own way of identifying themselves. Social workers will need to talk with their clients about how they themselves identify... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-DIVERSITY-OF-GENDER-IDENTITY-AND-EXPRESSION/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-DIVERSITY-OF-GENDER-IDENTITY-AND-EXPRESSION/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 06:23:25 GMT Until the 1980s, gerontologists and others who were writing about the process of aging largely ignored GLBT issues. Among the few exceptions, two articles in particular deserve mention. Both articles were published as book chapters in Positively Gay, an anthology edited by Berzon (1970) and revised by Berzon and Leighton in 1979. The Older Lesbian, by Martin and Lyon (founders of the Daughters of Bilitis), discussed the place of role-playing and secrecy in the relationships of older lesbians and introduced the term “lace curtain lesbians” to describe lesbians who lived in relationships with other women but refused to acknowledge their same-sex sexual orientation... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-BEGINNINGS-OF-LESBIAN-AND-GAY-GERONTOLOGY/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-BEGINNINGS-OF-LESBIAN-AND-GAY-GERONTOLOGY/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 07:31:30 GMT In 1969, when the police raided a New York City gay bar called the Stonewall Inn, a new era in the fight for GLBT rights began. GLBT people at the bar fought back by shouting, throwing stones and other objects at police, and generally resisting the raid. The gay liberation movement that drew its energy from the Stonewall riots was much less accommodating than its predecessors had been. Rather than adapt to the prevailing norms, GLBT activists sought to both change these norms and seek civil rights... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/HOMOSEXUALITY-AS-A-MENTAL-ILLNESS/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/HOMOSEXUALITY-AS-A-MENTAL-ILLNESS/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 08:39:35 GMT Transgender emergence describes an adaptive stage model for transgender men and women who are coming to terms with their own gender variance and moving from an experience of denial and self-hatred to one of self-respect and gender congruence. The process of developing a gender identity is a normative process that everyone experiences, but for gender-variant people the process is complicated by cultural expectations that are dissonant with their core sense of self. These stages are not meant to “label” people or to define transgender maturity. They describe what clinicians may witness when clients seek help for “gender dysphoria... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/TRANSGENDER-EMERGENCE:-A-DEVELOPMENTAL-MODEL/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/TRANSGENDER-EMERGENCE:-A-DEVELOPMENTAL-MODEL/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 09:47:40 GMT The word family is a loaded term for many sexual minority people because a number of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals have been disowned or otherwise “kicked out” by their families when their sexual identity became known. Therefore, in the GLBT community one often talks about one’s “family of origin,” meaning the family one was born into or grew up in. One might also talk about one’s “chosen family,” meaning the family that we form as adults (Mallon, 1998). This family of choice may or may not be intergenerational and may include one’s partner, former partners, and special friends... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/BISEXUAL-FAMILIES/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/BISEXUAL-FAMILIES/ Fri, 03 Apr 2009 10:55:45 GMT When we consider the relationships of bisexual people, the focus is not on how they feel in isolation or how they might self-identify; rather, it is on how a bisexual person relates to another person. Immediately, the dichotomous categories present themselves. If our bisexual woman begins an affectional/sexual relationship with a man, others typically perceive it as a heterosexual relationship. If that same woman is involved in a similar relationship with another woman, it is described as a lesbian relationship... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-RELATIONSHIPS-OF-BISEXUAL-PEOPLE/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-RELATIONSHIPS-OF-BISEXUAL-PEOPLE/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 11:23:50 GMT • A high school social worker agrees to serve as faculty advisor for a gay-straight alliance. • Employed by a neighborhood redevelopment agency, a social worker talks with neighborhood residents about vandalism targeting the home of a household headed by a gay male. With the agency’s support, the residents convene a neighborhood meeting to discuss the problem and develop a plan of action. • Social workers join GLBT activists in an action of civil disobedience outside the U... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/SOCIAL-WORK-INTERVENTIONS-FOR-ERADICATING-OPPRESSION/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/SOCIAL-WORK-INTERVENTIONS-FOR-ERADICATING-OPPRESSION/ Tue, 24 Mar 2009 12:31:55 GMT Herek (1990) distinguished between cultural and psychological heterosexism. Cultural heterosexism is manifested in systemic discrimination in political, economic, educational, legal, medical, social services, religious and cultural institutions (e.g., legal prohibitions against same-sex marriage and the insurance industry’s exclusion of sexual reassignment services from coverage),and cultural norms, standards, and values that devalue, stigmatize, or render invisible people of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and gender expressions (e... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/CULTURAL-AND-PSYCHOLOGICAL-HETEROSEXISM/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/CULTURAL-AND-PSYCHOLOGICAL-HETEROSEXISM/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 13:39:15 GMT Systems of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, classism, ableism, ageism, and heterosexism) share common elements (Pharr, 1988; Tinney, 1983; Young, 2000). Young (2000) delineated five characteristics, or what she called the five faces of oppression: exploitation, powerlessness, systemic violence, cultural imperialism, and marginalization... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-DEFINING-CHARACTERISTICS-OF-OPPRESSION/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-DEFINING-CHARACTERISTICS-OF-OPPRESSION/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 14:47:20 GMT One measure of how far GLBT communities have come is the inclusion of questions about same-sex cohabiting partners in the U.S. 1990 and 2000 Censuses. While the census counts vastly underestimate the true numbers of GLBT people in the United States (see Badgett & Rogers, 2003), they do provide a glimpse of the increasing presence of GLBT communities that are becoming ever more willing to claim themselves... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/CURRENT-GLBT-COMMUNITIES/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/CURRENT-GLBT-COMMUNITIES/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 15:55:25 GMT It was in this more politicized and culturally permissive atmosphere that the Stonewall Rebellion occurred in Greenwich Village on June 27, 1969. The Stonewall Inn, a private GLBT club, was raided shortly before midnight by local police, who were ostensibly checking to see if liquor was being served without a license. After being questioned, the two hundred “working-class patrons—drag queens, third world gay men, and a handful of butch lesbians—congregated in front of the Stonewall and, as blacks and other oppressed groups had done before them in the course of a decade, commenced to stage a riot” (Faderman, 1991, p. 194)... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-STONEWALL-REBELLION-AND-GAY-LIBERATION:-TENSIONS-AND-DIVISIONS-(1969-~-1979)/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/THE-STONEWALL-REBELLION-AND-GAY-LIBERATION:-TENSIONS-AND-DIVISIONS-(1969-~-1979)/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 16:23:30 GMT Numerous myths and stereotypes about GLBT people operate to perpetuate misinformation and negative social attitudes about them. Consider, for example, the following: 1. Homosexuality is a lifestyle choice rather than an innate orientation. Many people perceive gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) people as having made a choice to go “against the grain” of society... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/COMMON-MYTHS-about-GLBT-people/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/COMMON-MYTHS-about-GLBT-people/ Thu, 02 Apr 2009 17:31:35 GMT Benefits of Residency Imagine not having to worry about over staying your visa. As a tourist, you may only stay in Ecuador for 6 months out of the year. You must then leave or face fines and deportation for upwards of a year. With residency, you enjoy the benefits of duty free imports for the first 6 months after receiving residency... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Ecuador-Residency-and-Visa-Requirements/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Ecuador-Residency-and-Visa-Requirements/ Mon, 09 Mar 2009 18:39:40 GMT Cultural translation and Post colonialism Written by: Alireza Sadeghi, MA student of Fars science and research university, Shiraz, Iran Asalireza1@yahoo.com Abstract Cultural translation as an opposite against linguistic translation can be traced back along way; How ever, the main cultural translation theories and theorists came on scene during 1990 and this decade. Hopefully, it is very critical for nuances and small differences among languages which can be drawn by linguistic theories... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Cultural-translation-and-Post-colonialism/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Cultural-translation-and-Post-colonialism/ Thu, 29 Jan 2009 19:47:45 GMT Treasure hunting is a rather contagious pastime. For some, it can become an obsession (in the best sense of the word!). People worldwide are fascinated with the hobby of treasure hunting. Coming across a valuable item in your treasure hunt can be a real thrill... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/What-is-Treasure-Hunting/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/What-is-Treasure-Hunting/ Sat, 03 Jan 2009 20:55:50 GMT Leisure has a significant role to play in the development of identity, as it offers opportunities for freely performed behaviour which can have positive influences on self-perception (Haggard and Williams 1992; Wearing and Wearing, 1992). A number of studies have shown how young gay and lesbian people, in particular, have used leisure to negotiate their understanding of themselves; leisure offers choice about who to socialize with (Kivel, 1994; Kivel and Kleiber, 2000). Some, however, have reported difficulties and how the choice of leisure activities had been constrained through fear of exposure or of homophobia (Johnson, 1999). Both positive and negative experiences applied to adult gays and lesbians too (Jacobson and Samdahl, 1998; Markwell, 1998)... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Leisure,-Gay-Space-and-Identity/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Leisure,-Gay-Space-and-Identity/ Mon, 29 Dec 2008 21:23:55 GMT ‘Identity’ is itself not a particularly clear concept. It has many different meanings, but basically it is to do with who or what a person thinks he or she is – a ‘sense of self’ – self-identity. Identity is ‘a socially constructed myth about shared characteristics, culture and history which comes to have real meaning for those who espouse it’ (Altman, 2001, p. 86)... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Lesbian-and-Gay-Identity/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Lesbian-and-Gay-Identity/ Mon, 29 Dec 2008 22:31:15 GMT Homosexuality may be defined in a fairly simplistic way as individuals having sexual desire for, or sexual activity with, persons of the same biological sex. Such individuals may not, however, necessarily think of themselves or identify as homosexual. There is a strong body of opinion amongst sociologists that homosexuality as an identity is something that has emerged only recently (Schuyf, 2000). This view – a ‘social constructionist’ view – is in contrast to the ‘essentialist’ view that there has always been homosexuality at all times and in all places... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Two-Views-on-the-Nature-of-Homosexuality/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Two-Views-on-the-Nature-of-Homosexuality/ Mon, 29 Dec 2008 23:39:20 GMT Every 9 or 10 years I am pulled to reread Atlas Shrugged. I don't know why and I disagree with some of Ayn Rand's personal beliefs, but sometimes I feel the need to remind myself of the message of industry and excellence. This time around I am listening to the book on my iPod. The section I heard yesterday is one of my favorite parts of the book... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Why-America-Succeeds/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Why-America-Succeeds/ Fri, 26 Dec 2008 01:47:25 GMT It is hard to imagine what gay culture might have looked like today had it not been so dramatically derailed by the AIDS epidemic. The golden age of sexual adventuresomeness was short lived — maybe a decade long — when AIDS struck. By 1983, informational campaigns within local gay communities in large cities began to disseminate information publicizing the link between certain sexual acts and a new lethal illness afflicting gay men. First known as GRID (Gay Related Immune Deficiency), what eventually became known as AIDS began to force many gay men to realize that they would have to change their sexual practices dramatically... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/GAY-AND-PSYCHOTHERAPY-IN-THE-TIME-OF-AIDS/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/GAY-AND-PSYCHOTHERAPY-IN-THE-TIME-OF-AIDS/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 02:55:30 GMT The first effort to organize homosexuals in the United States was an attempt in 1950 to resist police harassment, led by Harry Hay, founder of the Mattachine Society in Los Angeles. This marked the birth of the homophile movement. As historian David Carter (2004) explains, “The founders of the Mattachine Society used the word homophile because they believed that this new term, with its incorporation of the Greek word for love, could help counter the stereotype of homosexuals obsessed with sex” By the 1960s, the Mattachine Society, with chapters in cities around the United States, was not the only predecessor to the contemporary gay liberation movement. In San Francisco, the League for Civil Education (LCE) was formed by the openly gay drag queen Jose Sarria, the first person to run for elected office as an openly gay person in the country... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/EARLY-HOMOSEXUAL-ACTIVISM-IN-THE-UNITED-STATES/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/EARLY-HOMOSEXUAL-ACTIVISM-IN-THE-UNITED-STATES/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 03:23:35 GMT The notion of what constitutes a family has undergone much change in recent years. While the majority of American households continue to be made up of married couples with or without children, even the so-called traditional family has undergone change due to the rise in the number of households in which both members of the couple work outside the home, the later age at which couples are having children, and the likelihood that most marriages will end in divorce. 1 "The average American marriage does not last a lifetime, but a much more modest 9.6 years... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Lesbian-and-Gay-Family/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Lesbian-and-Gay-Family/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 04:31:40 GMT What is a "public accommodation"? A "public accommodation" is an item, service, or benefit offered generally to the public. "Places of public accommodation" include hotels and motels, restaurants, stores, and other businesses that cater to consumers. The definition of the term "public accommodation" can differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and a company or facility subject to the antidiscrimination statute of one state might be exempt from a similar law elsewhere. The issue of what constitutes a public accommodation may seem arcane, but it can determine the life or death of an antidiscrimination claim... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Public-Accommodations/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Public-Accommodations/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 05:39:45 GMT The law still offers lesbians and gay men little protection against discrimination, except in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, and the various cities and counties that have seen fit to add the phrase "sexual orientation" to their civil rights laws. (Hawaii has a gay rights law, but it covers only employment.) Nonetheless, gay people are not totally at the mercy of others in trying to obtain or keep a home or in seeking goods or services. Can a landlord refuse to rent to or a homeowner decline to sell to a person just because he or she is gay? In most parts of the country, yes... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Housing-~-the-rights-of-lesbians-and-gay-men/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Housing-~-the-rights-of-lesbians-and-gay-men/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 06:47:50 GMT Can a private employer lawfully discriminate against an employee on account of his or her sexual orientation? Unless forbidden by a state or local law, in most situations it may. There is no federal law that prevents a private employerlarge or small, incorporated or unincorporatedfrom refusing to hire, firing, undercompensating, or otherwise treating differently any lesbian or gay employee solely because of that person's sexual orientation and regardless of aptitude or work record. Although Congress has outlawed discrimination on thebasis of "race, color, religion, sex, or national origin" and, more recently, "disability," 2 it has not yet seen fit to include sexual orientation within the reach of federal law. Some other legislative bodies have done so... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Private-Employment/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Private-Employment/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 07:55:55 GMT Do the courts protect "coming out" speech? Sometimes. The law is still very much in a developing state. As more and more lesbian and gay Americans choose to be open about their lives and seek not only tolerance but support for the relationships they form with partners, there will inevitably be more "coming out" speech to employers, coworkers, landlords, neighbors, and others. When the employer, landlord, or other party is a government agency, the Constitution should forbid imposing any penalty as a result of coming out... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Coming-Out-and-Positive-Images/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Coming-Out-and-Positive-Images/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 08:23:15 GMT Can the police prohibit peaceful demonstrations and pickets in support of lesbian and gay rights? No. Such activity may not be prohibited, but it may be regulated, so long as the regulation is applied to all demonstrations and picket lines equally and without regard to the view-point being expressed. A city or state may establish rules for demonstrations so long as they are narrowly tailored to promote legitimate (i.e... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Protest-Speech/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Protest-Speech/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 09:31:20 GMT Does the right of association under the Constitution extend to lesbian and gay student organizations at state-supported colleges and universities? Yes. The right of freedom of association clearly extends to student organizations at state-supported institutions. 18 Federal courts have explicitly applied this right to lesbian and gay organizations at state-supported schools.19 Official school recognition of gay organizations cannot be withheld by officials at state-supported schools merely because they do not approve of the organization... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Speech-on-Campus-and-in-High-School/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Speech-on-Campus-and-in-High-School/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 10:39:25 GMT Do people have a right to form organizations for the purpose of ending discrimination based on sexual orientation? Yes. Freedom of association is a right that flows from the guarantees of freedom of assembly and speech contained in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the guarantee of liberty assured by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Courts have specifically acknowledged that the right of freedom of association extends to lesbian and gay organizations.6 Do lesbian and gay organizations have the right to incorporate? Yes... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Lesbian-and-Gay-Rights-Advocacy-Groups/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Lesbian-and-Gay-Rights-Advocacy-Groups/ Sat, 15 Nov 2008 11:47:30 GMT Social Security essentially is one among the most popular of government programs. Unemployment insurance, old age and disability pensions are the attractive parts of this social security. Social security is just one among the different programs aimed at elder care. Medicare is another popular one... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Society-Security-and-Senior-Citizens/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Society-Security-and-Senior-Citizens/ Wed, 12 Nov 2008 12:55:35 GMT The Social Verdict Social awareness, the elusive characteristic that many people fail to grasp, is as vital in today’s interconnected and hi-speed world as any other skill one will learn throughout life. Due to the globalization effect as well as the swift development of communication technologies, it is very hard to keep up with world events in today’s world... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Challenge-of-a-Generation/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Challenge-of-a-Generation/ Wed, 29 Oct 2008 13:23:40 GMT Costa Rica is one of the only places on earth with such varied natural wonders and landscapes. That is why the country strives to preserve local fauna and exotic flora from different ecological threats. As a volunteer in Costa Rica you can help to take care of this amazing ecosystem. Other opportunities to volunteer in Costa Rica include many social projects, since the country also portrays many problems as regards poverty, malnutrition and lack of education... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Why-volunteer-in-Costa-Rica/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Why-volunteer-in-Costa-Rica/ Thu, 02 Oct 2008 14:31:45 GMT Guatemala is one of the most important places in Latin America where Mayan influence and its legacy are still intact. By volunteering in Guatemala you will get a grasp of the unique local culture that retains much of the customs from centuries ago. Volunteering abroad is one of the most incredible journeys a person can do, not only to contribute to a social cause and discover unknown regions of the world, but also to learn about oneself and grow as a human being. Volunteering in Guatemala will lead you to find out about natives and ancient cultures that are still present in everyday life... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Experience-the-Mayan-culture-while-volunteering-in-Guatemala/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Experience-the-Mayan-culture-while-volunteering-in-Guatemala/ Sun, 31 Aug 2008 15:39:50 GMT Some days ago, ASEAN has expressed “deep disappointment” over Myanmar democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi`s detention in a meet of bloc`s 10 foreign ministers. It is doing sound that the statement issued by ASEAN is one of its strongest statements yet on the issue. Only verbal swipe will not bring change in the attitude of junta and can make Burmese people free from world’s most closed and repressive military government. Multiparty election in 1990 gave the NLD a decisive victory, but the military junta refused to relinquish power to democratically elected party NLD (National league for democracy) and its leader Aung San Suu Kyi`s... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Collective-effort-of-ASEAN-and-Major-Power-(India-and-China)-can-restore-democracy-in-Myanmar/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Collective-effort-of-ASEAN-and-Major-Power-(India-and-China)-can-restore-democracy-in-Myanmar/ Wed, 27 Aug 2008 16:47:55 GMT The American movie “Black Rain” from 1989 with actor Michel Douglas who plays Nick Conclin as the main character deliverers some of the most commonly exposed stereotypes of the Japanese society. When speaking about different ethnicities and certain images come to ones mind, and this movie is all about to expose the imagined cultural differences between America and Japan. Representations of all the most commonly known stereotypes of both Japanese and Americans are to be found in this movie. This is done mainly as a way to attract an audience in the west, very much in the same tradition as the famous authors Hearn and Kipling did in their books and letters when describing the Japanese... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Critical-Review-of-the-Movie-Black-Rain/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Critical-Review-of-the-Movie-Black-Rain/ Mon, 07 Jul 2008 17:55:15 GMT Introduction With the introduction of western colonial power in South-East Asia in the end of the eighteen century an increasingly demand of products and raw materials was sought after in the ever growing markets of the region and Europe. The Sulu Sultanate that was located in the Southern Philippines between Mindanao and Borneo had long been sea trading its local produce with neighbours other and trading partners as far away as China. The Sultanate with its favourable location for trade in all directions encountered an economic boom and grew its commercial power and influence rapidly. The Sulu trade was well established but all to a limited scale, something that changed dramatically with the growth of trade that in turn created consequences for the whole society... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Social-Impact-of-Slavery-in-the-Sulu-Sultanate/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Social-Impact-of-Slavery-in-the-Sulu-Sultanate/ Sun, 06 Jul 2008 18:23:20 GMT Jews in Palestine; Arabs in Israel. A comprehensive, history-based call to action in the Middle East. Israel, Palestine, Jews, Arabs, Druze, Bedouin, Syria, AniYochanan, 1967, Jordan Jewish emigration into Israel did not begin with refugees from Hitler's Europe back in the 1920s the typical Jewish home already have a little blue box of the Jewish national fund for the collection of nickels and dimes to assist Israeli land reclamation then long underway long before anyone outside of Germany had heard of Hitler. Nor did it begin with the Balfour Declaration of 1917... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Jews-in-Palestine-Arabs-in-Israel/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Jews-in-Palestine-Arabs-in-Israel/ Thu, 01 May 2008 19:31:25 GMT The aim of volunteering for African Community Projects in African countries is primarily to provide help and in doing so learn, experience and relish first-hand the lifestyle of the community who are hosting you and their culture. You could look at community project volunteering as an alternative to the regular kind of holiday people are generally accustomed to, however it does come with opportunities to use your skills, knowledge and interests in a setting that is somewhat unconventional. Ultimately the community you choose to put your efforts into will benefit immensely. Community Development Whether or not you have actually experienced the excitement and pleasure that derive from Community Project Volunteering, there is always a Community Development Opportunity available... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Community-Project-Volunteering-in-Africa:-African-Community-Projects/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Community-Project-Volunteering-in-Africa:-African-Community-Projects/ Sat, 26 Apr 2008 20:39:30 GMT The rapid rise in divorce rates has rung alarm bells all around. Lawmakers as well as well social experts are alarmed and concerned about the fast increase in divorce rates. Not many people think twice before seeking divorce these days; even trivial marital issues that can be sorted out if both the partners sit down and talk to each other are resolved only by means of divorce. After all, it takes time and energy to sort out trivial or major marital problems while it is so much easier to obtain a divorce... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/What-Effects-Does-the-High-Divorce-Rate-Have-on-Society-as-a-Whole/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/What-Effects-Does-the-High-Divorce-Rate-Have-on-Society-as-a-Whole/ Fri, 04 Apr 2008 21:47:35 GMT ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS : Before the regime of Mr. Shaukat Aziz in Government, Pakistan was in severe economic crisis with our debt in default, low growth, high inflation, depreciating currency and virtually non existent investment. But today Pakistan have a vision and an opportunity to excel even more. In these few years his government has not only consolidated the economic recovery that began in early year 2000 but also the economy of Pakistan continued to gain traction as it experienced the longest spell of its strongest growth in the last three years... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/REGIME-OF-MR.-SHAUKAT-AZIZ/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/REGIME-OF-MR.-SHAUKAT-AZIZ/ Thu, 03 Apr 2008 22:55:40 GMT Canada Immigration has introduced a new class of immigration in the 2007 budget. This new class of immigration, known as the Canadian experience class is to be implemented this year. With over 240 000 new immigrants expected this year, Minister Finley, the Immigration minister of Canada, ensures us that “Canada continues to grow and benefit from all that newcomers and their families bring to our country.” (CIC) This class of Canadian immigration will accept applications from international students studying in Canada and temporary workers employed in Canada who have relevant Canadian experience... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/A-New-Class:-A-New-Hope/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/A-New-Class:-A-New-Hope/ Thu, 28 Feb 2008 23:23:45 GMT Driven by an intensely competitive business environment, corporations have become increasingly dependent on global markets. Whether the drivers are revenue growth, cost reduction, or access to new knowledge, many of the most successful corporations already operate on a global basis. Even domestically focused companies are finding that competitive pressures are increasingly forcing them to expand beyond their borders. As already discussed, the cost advantages of production in key developing markets combined with higher growth rates and demographic shifts moving greater consumer power to developing nations will compel corporations to move more and more of their value chain offshore... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Business-environment-on-global-markets/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Business-environment-on-global-markets/ Wed, 01 Aug 2007 01:31:50 GMT How regulatory patterns unfold in the future will be determined by how corporations respond to the new dynamics of regulation and activism emerging today. Companies already manage a diverse array of constituents, including governments, nongovernmental organizations, consumers, and the public, in addition to their own shareholders. As such, value-building companies that find creative ways to address broad social concerns and cooperate with interest groups may be better positioned for future success than those with a singleminded pursuit of the bottom line. But regulatory trends will also depend on the power and reach of governments... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Possible-Scenarios-of-Regulation-and-Activism-in-the-Context-of-Globalization/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Possible-Scenarios-of-Regulation-and-Activism-in-the-Context-of-Globalization/ Thu, 04 Oct 2007 02:39:55 GMT Government intervention is being felt throughout the economy, from basic manufacturing to the most sophisticated telecommunications services. Nowhere is the effect stronger than at the frontiers of science and technology, where a host of new discoveries and developments is confounding existing regulations and rendering old ways of doing business irrelevant. Competing technical standards are on the rise and new ethical quandaries seem to be popping up everywhere, giving rise to increasingly complex regulatory issues that virtually beg governments to wade into the mix. Perhaps the most intense ongoing debate surrounds the growing sophistication of biotechnology, where the ability of scientists to splice and manipulate genes has moved much faster than public acceptance for genetically modified (GM) organisms and “designer foods... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Barriers-at-the-Frontiers-of-Science/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Barriers-at-the-Frontiers-of-Science/ Wed, 03 Oct 2007 03:47:15 GMT Our increasing dependence on nonclean energy sources has come at a cost. Global warming is caused by an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases. These gases allow direct sunlight, or ultraviolet light, classified as short-wave energy, to reach the surface of the Earth. As this sunlight heats the surface, longer-wave infrared energy (otherwise known as heat) is radiated upwards into the atmosphere... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Rising-Costs-of-Climate-Change/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Rising-Costs-of-Climate-Change/ Thu, 19 Jul 2007 04:55:20 GMT Where will the world find all this energy? Oil, like water, is a finite resource. However, unlike water, we have been reasonably successful in finding more of it. Thanks to intensive exploration, the world’s proven oil reserves grew from 660 billion barrels in 1980 to more than 1 trillion in 1990. Despite consumption, oil reserves have hovered over 1 trillion barrels ever since... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Potential-Sources-of-Energy/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Potential-Sources-of-Energy/ Thu, 09 Aug 2007 05:23:25 GMT Dealing with water scarcity will require several actors and multiple solutions. One recommendation is to apply the market-based approach used with other commodities. An eight-ounce glass of water can be refilled for 2500 times less than the cost of a can of soft drink. Under these conditions, consumers have little incentive to conserve... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Managing-Water-Scarcity/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Managing-Water-Scarcity/ Fri, 12 Oct 2007 06:31:30 GMT Since water covers more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, we can perhaps be forgiven for taking it for granted. Yet fresh, drinkable water comprises only 2.5 percent of our total supply, and nearly 80 percent of that drinkable water is locked away in the polar ice caps and glaciers. Groundwater represents another 20 percent, which means that only 1 percent of fresh water (or 0... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Water-Scarcity:-A-Lesson-in-Trickle-Down-Economics/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Water-Scarcity:-A-Lesson-in-Trickle-Down-Economics/ Sat, 27 Oct 2007 07:39:35 GMT Consumption patterns are greatly influenced by purchasing power, which has risen globally, but most acutely in emerging markets. Future global economic growth will significantly influence the levels of wealth and purchasing power among consumers in different countries, as well as the continued spread of technological use among consumers. But the direction and speed of this growth between now and 2015 remain uncertain, since the rise and fall of economic cycles ultimately depend on how other macro factors unfold. In addition, while technology has already penetrated many aspects of modern life, the potential of technological developments to further transform consumer behavior is less than certain... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-New-Consumer:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-New-Consumer:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ Wed, 03 Oct 2007 08:47:40 GMT If there was ever a golden age in which mass marketing was all companies needed to reach homogenous markets and predictable consumers, it is long gone. Traditional brand management systems, pioneered by Procter & Gamble, were very successful in the 1950s and 1960s. Theodore Levitt, emeritus professor at the Harvard Business School, pushed the idea of the virtues of mass marketing to new heights in his famous 1983 article, “The Globalization of Markets.” In it, he wrote: “Different cultural preferences, national tastes ... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Myth-of-the-Global-Consumer/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Myth-of-the-Global-Consumer/ Tue, 23 Oct 2007 09:55:45 GMT Economic uncertainties, breakthroughs in agricultural and medical sciences, and government decisions on social insurance programs, healthcare issues, and immigration policies will all affect global population growth and migration patterns. As these variables interact, the outcomes are truly uncertain. Below are three possible scenarios that could play out between now and 2015 Restless Masses Under the first scenario, restless masses, the global population surges, mostly in developing countries. Government promises on improved social insurance programs fail to fully materialize... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Demographics:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Demographics:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ Wed, 13 Feb 2008 10:23:50 GMT Without question, the greatest challenges confronting countries with graying populations are the escalating costs of funding pensions and providing affordable healthcare. Most social security systems throughout the developed world operate on a pay-as-you-go basis—a system of transfers whereby workers support retirees by paying out a percentage of their earnings in the form of payroll taxes. The system was perfectly suited to the demographic patterns of the previous century, when growing populations, large families, and comparatively short life spans worked in tandem to keep the system solvent. Today, declining fertility rates, longer longevity, and the forthcoming retirement of the baby boomers are turning this pyramid upside down... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Social-Insecurity/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Social-Insecurity/ Tue, 23 Oct 2007 11:31:55 GMT No country will be unaffected by this brave old world. Aging countries are likely to feel the demographic pinch first and most intensely through labor forces, which will contract as older workers head into retirement without large groups of young workers to replace them. In the United States alone, more than 70 million baby boomers are expected to exit the workforce by 2020, while only 40 million new workers enter. Similar trends are likely throughout Europe... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Impact-of-Global-Aging/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/The-Impact-of-Global-Aging/ Fri, 25 Jan 2008 12:39:15 GMT The tensions embedded within von Herder’s tightly interwoven tapestry leave the future path of globalization uncertain. On the one hand, countries may decide that the threats are too great and retreat to a more isolated position. On the other hand, globalization has proven itself time and again to be an adaptive phenomenon that takes more steps forward than back. Below are three scenarios that sketch different possibilities of how globalization may evolve between now and 2015... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Globalization:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Globalization:-Three-Possible-Scenarios/ Thu, 07 Feb 2008 13:47:20 GMT Global or regional trade initiatives—or the lack thereof—often affect corporate decisions. The multinational’s bottom line is inexorably tied to the viability of global political institutions like the WTO, which work to lower trade barriers and facilitate foreign investment. Virtually all major trading nations have joined the organization, but a host of vexing issues remain on the agenda. Among them are the regulation of genetically modified organisms, access to cheaper generic drugs, rules governing intellectual property rights, antitrust enforcement, corporate governance and accounting standards, and agricultural subsidies in the United States and Europe... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Political-Globalization/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Political-Globalization/ Wed, 27 Feb 2008 14:55:25 GMT Attention has long been focused on the strains in global energy markets. Although most analysts believe that oil reserves will be sufficient to meet worldwide consumption over the next several decades, proven oil reserves (barring major geopolitical upheaval) are highly concentrated in the Middle East and Central Asia, where ongoing political instability raises concerns about future costs and availability. Industrialized countries and key emerging markets are turning toward alternative resources that lessen their dependency on oil, but these alternatives also carry many hidden costs. Surging economic growth in China and India will drive two-thirds of the global demand for coal by 2030—but burning all this coal may significantly erode air quality and public health in these countries... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Natural-Resources-and-the-Environment/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Natural-Resources-and-the-Environment/ Wed, 27 Feb 2008 15:23:30 GMT A great demographic tide is ebbing and flowing within and between continents. Instead of a population boom, industrialized countries are experiencing a “baby bust” owing to declining fertility rates. Europe is depopulating more quickly than at any time since the Black Death. Industrialized nations, which account for three-quarters of global eco nomic output, are also confronting older, atrophying populations... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Demographics/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Demographics/ Wed, 27 Feb 2008 16:31:35 GMT By any measure, the world today is more integrated and wealthier than at any other time in human history. Advances in macroeconomic performance —fueled by policy liberalizations and technology—account for the ever more rapid movement of people, goods, services, money, and ideas. Trade flows have grown 300 percent larger over the last 20 years alone. In 1970, $10 billion was traded on foreign exchange markets in a day; in 2002, the same amount was traded in one second... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Globalization/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Globalization/ Wed, 27 Feb 2008 17:39:40 GMT Poland – currently Polish economy undeniably belongs to one of the faster-developing economies in terms of GDP growth (6,2% in 2006, 5,5% in mid-2007) or foreign investment (11,1 bln EUR in 2006). The rising employment, increasing wages and high entrepreneurship spirit (according to 2007 Eurobarometer survey conducted by European Commission half of Poles want to start-up their own company ) indicate that Poland may be an attractive place to invest corporate money. Despite all favorable economic ratios one may be confused by seeing Poland on one of the last positions among EU countries as for business competitiveness. Is it only the political ineffectualness that result in Poland’s 48th position in Global Competitiveness Index 2007 and Iceland that is on 14th place? Why are such countries as Tunisia or Barbados ranked higher (30th place and 31st place respectively) than the country which was considered as a symbol of well-applied economic reforms from the early 1990s ? In order to answer this complex question one must look at the structure of the ranking and identify what are the main categories in which Poland lag behind many other EU countries... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-to-improve-position-of-Poland-in-global-competitiveness-rankings/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-to-improve-position-of-Poland-in-global-competitiveness-rankings/ Wed, 20 Feb 2008 18:47:45 GMT Veteran is referred to as someone who worked in the military. A US veteran receives several benefits and is honoured every 11th of November via parades, awards programs and recognitions. The word "Veteran", as it is explained in the dictionary is someone who is experienced in a specific area. In states such as the United States, it refers to someone who has worked in the armed forces... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Defining-a-Veteran/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Defining-a-Veteran/ Fri, 15 Feb 2008 19:55:50 GMT Dehydration Is Against The Law Sufficient water intake is crucial for police officers. By John Paul Catanzaro Proper hydration is important for law enforcement officers. Even a slight state of dehydration can impair your ability to think and perform. Dehydration can occur in less than 10 minutes and may cause muscle cramps, unnecessary fatigue which leads to fear, diminished strength and can affect an officer’s performance under fire... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Dehydration-Is-Against-The-Law/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Dehydration-Is-Against-The-Law/ Wed, 09 Jan 2008 20:23:55 GMT These days everybody talks about the war in Iraq. Unfortunately, some of us believe that we should stay there, and others believe we should bring our soldiers back. It was not long ago when I heard somebody was talking about the war in Iraq. He was a hard core republican and had no idea what is war look like... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Hope-in-Times-of-War/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Hope-in-Times-of-War/ Mon, 10 Dec 2007 21:31:15 GMT Have you ever heard a question like the above title? I was ‘lucky’ to learn about acculturation in the hardest way, not knowing how to answer to the question. Let me explain my dilemma, and why I was so confused. I had just moved to a foreign country and the person asked me, in my opinion, a totally inappropriate question. Was he joking with me, trying to make fool of me? If he was serious, it’s not fair to ask such a tricky question a person who is a newcomer... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-Was-Your-Acculturation/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/How-Was-Your-Acculturation/ Sat, 01 Dec 2007 22:39:20 GMT There is now a growing realisation that the look and feel of a place is critically important to its development and regeneration. There has been a proliferation of cultural projects in the last few decades, increasing in number and magnitude. This has been accompanied by the increasing importance of symbols such as the award of ‘European Capital of Culture’ or the Olympics. By differentiating themselves from each other by the presence of large cultural projects, cities such as Barcelona, Frankfurt and Birmingham successfully remarketed themselves as centres of innovation and attractive places to invest, work and visit... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Cities;-culture-and-regeneration/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Cities;-culture-and-regeneration/ Fri, 19 Oct 2007 23:47:25 GMT Growth Management is a technique most associated with the tourism industry, however it is clear that it is relevant to areas of fast growth in other environments where there is dynamic change. We are keen to employ our knowledge and skills to assist you in using GMP in your organisation, with your communities. As more tourism resorts have appreciated the need to manage the balance between tourists and local people, so new management techniques were needed which reflected a greater respect for the role of local communities in resort development based on the recognition that residents and tourists are essentially in competition, coupled with growing international support for more genuine community involvement in support of sustainability: In tourism Growth Management starts with 'disaggregating' the resort community into, for example, permanent residents, second homeowners, seasonal workers and tourists. The impact of development on each of these stakeholders is considered... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Rapid-change-in-neighbourhoods-and-communities/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Rapid-change-in-neighbourhoods-and-communities/ Fri, 19 Oct 2007 01:55:30 GMT The basis for the emphasis on community involvement must be that of effectiveness rather than sentimentality. At present local community interests are represented though Local Strategic Partnerships which draw together local public, voluntary and business sectors and take decisions about priorities and funding for neighbourhood renewal (such as the use of the Neighbourhood Renewal Fund). However, there are differences in the effectiveness of such groups nationally and in the balance of power held by the different representatives. Programmes such as New Deal for Communities go one stage further in terms of local ownership... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Neighbourhood-Management:-Taking-Involvement-Further/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/Neighbourhood-Management:-Taking-Involvement-Further/ Fri, 19 Oct 2007 02:23:35 GMT APPLICATION OF THE METHODS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANALYSING OF THE POLICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY The decision of the Council of European Ministers of 21 November 1994 relating to the industrial competitiveness of the European Union has approved the motion concerning the elaboration of the quality development policy [1]. According to the approved motion the importance and extension of the quality view should be recognised in the field of both private and state service. "The competitiveness of Europe depends in increasing measure on quality. The role of authorities is continuously decreasing... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/APPLICATION-OF-THE-METHODS-OF-QUALITY-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/APPLICATION-OF-THE-METHODS-OF-QUALITY-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS/ Sun, 23 Sep 2007 03:31:40 GMT The word "Punjab" is made up of two Persian words 'Panj' and 'Aab'. Panj means five and Aab means water(Rivers). This name was probably given to this land possibly in an era when this region came into close contact with Persia. The Punjab was known as land of five rivers because of the five rivers that ran through it... http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/About-Punjab/ http://Politics-and-society.e-articles.info/title/About-Punjab/ Tue, 22 May 2007 04:39:45 GMT